Friday, 9 December 2016

How to teach Newton's 2nd Law of Motion Using F1


As part of the new Science GCSE, and for the first time that I can remember, Newton’s three laws of motion have to be taught as Newton’s laws.  As a non-physicist, when changes like this happen in the curriculum I find myself filled with dread as it’s unlikely that I’ll have given the content any thought since finishing my GCSEs (which is longer ago than I’m willing to admit).  So, as we move into a new era in Science education I’ve decided not to see new & unknown content as a problem but as an opportunity to improve my teaching practice. 

This story begins on a Sunday afternoon when I was watching the F1, enjoying it however getting a little bored of the same two drivers winning every race.  It got me thinking about how could I teach using formula 1 and hopefully make it more interesting than this race?  So, when I came to the point where I had to teach acceleration this year I realised that my time had come.  That evening I reminded myself what Newton’s 3 laws of motion are and set out planning Newton’s 2nd law on acceleration using F1.

The Pre-Starter

It’s at this point of the lesson when you have one chance to convince your student’s that they want to engage with the lesson and use calculations.  In the past I’ve always had students that have moaned about having to do maths outside of a maths lesson, however I’ve found that grabbing them straight away and introducing one of the equations that they will need to be able to calculate answers with by using something like racing works really well.  The way that my pre-starter works is by drawing a race track over a few tables, then as a class, get students to use the basic equation for acceleration to do a series of calculations around the track.  The main stumbling point of this activity is making sure that all students have a calculator handy, however, if your school allows it phones have calculators on and the majority of students will have one of them.  After this activity student’s should have a basic understanding about what the lesson is going to be about and it really sets the scene for all of the other tasks they are going to work through.



Starter

The starter activity leads straight on from the pre-starter, so hopefully as students have just worked through something similar they should have no problem working through it.  Before setting students off briefly on the board, explain to students how to calculate basic acceleration again using the correct equation.  Using the table off the board, get students to calculate the acceleration of the car in each section using the information from their race track diagram.  By working through this activity students will have a range of acceleration values to use during the next part of the lesson when they have to calculate the force of the car in each sector.



Task 1

The first task in the main part of the lesson continues to focus on calculating acceleration, but this time from graphs.  Students should have already have developed this skill previously in the calculating basic acceleration lesson, however, they will need this skill re-enforcing so this is the ideal opportunity to do this.  Start this task of by reminding students how to calculate acceleration from a graph by working out the change in speed & the time taken from it.  They can then use the acceleration calculation to work out the acceleration shown in different sections of the graph.  After your student’s have had the task explained to them place a series of graphs around the room for students to work through.  This will primarily enable students to become more confident with this way of calculating acceleration, and will get students up and moving around to ensure that they don’t feel like they’re just sat down working through equations.



Task 2

Now your students have been reminded how to calculate acceleration, it’s time to finally tattle Newton’s 2nd law.   The first thing you really need to do is explain to students what it is and then how it is calculated.  At this point I re-engaged the students by relating it back to F1 and showed students a few youtube clips which as a class we calculated the force of different F1 cars from.  This first part of the task played 2 roles in that it gives the lesson another element which helps students engage and it gives them a chance to use the equation in a low risk way as they will be using it as a class.  The task finishes off with students going back to the starter activity and using the mass of a F1 car, to calculate its force in each sector of a race track.



Task 3

Now that students can use Newton’s 2nd law they need to manipulate it especially as in a few lessons they will need to use this equation to describe inertial mass.  This task starts with as a class asking students to rearrange the equation using an equation triangle.  The way that I stepped this task up to start off with is to give students mini white boards to rearrange the equation on before holding them up to assess how many of them had done it correctly.  The second part of this task lets students pick a series of questions to answer using their rearrange equation using a dice.  This gamifies the task giving students the impression that they are playing a game rather than using a calculation, and gives the lesson a different dimension as we move towards the plenary activity.



Plenary

To finish this lesson off I, like to use a task that not only pulls together what students have covered in this lesson, but brings together many concepts they have covered over the last few lessons.  It starts off by giving students a time distance graph that they can use to calculate speed at different points.  Once they’ve worked out the speed they can calculate the acceleration at different points.  Finally using the mass of a F1 car students can calculate the force of the car at different points on the graph.  This activity will not only enable you to assess how much students have taken from this lesson, but will also let you assess how well students have done over time.



By the end of the lesson I found that my students understood the content and at the same time had a bit of fun. 

You can follow me on twitter @teacherchalky1 or on Facebook @teachlikeahero 

Thanks for reading


D Chalk

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